Famous First Lines of Novels

The first lines of novels set the tone for the story to come. And when the story becomes a classic, the first line can sometimes become as famous as the novel itself, as the quotes below demonstrate. First-Person Introductions Some of the greatest novelists set the stage by having their protagonists describe themselves in pithy -- but powerful -- sentences. Call me Ishmael. - Herman Melville, Moby Dick (1851) I am an invisible man. No, I am not a spook like those who haunted  Edgar Allan Poe; nor am I one of your Hollywood-movie ectoplasms. I am a man of substance, of flesh and bone, fiber and liquids -- and I might even be said to possess a mind. I am invisible, understand, simply because people refuse to see me. - Ralph Ellison, Invisible Man  (1952) You dont know about me without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of  Tom  Sawyer; but  that aint no matter. -  Mark Twain,  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn   (1885) Third-Person Descriptions Some novelists start by describing their protagonists in the third person, but they do it in such a telling way, that the story grips you and makes you want to read further to see what happens to the hero. He was an  old man  who fished alone in a skiff in the Gulf Stream and he had gone eighty-four days now without taking a fish. -  Ernest Hemingway,  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹The Old Man and the Sea  (1952) Many years later, as he faced the firing squad, Colonel Aureliano Buendia was to remember that distant afternoon when his father took him to discover ice. -  Gabriel Garcia Marquez, One Hundred Years of Solitude​ Somewhere in la Mancha, in a place whose name I do not care to remember, a gentleman lived not long ago, one of those who has a lance and ancient shield on a shelf and keeps a skinny nag and a greyhound for racing. -  Miguel de Cervantes,  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Don Quixote When  Mr.  Bilbo Baggins of Bag End announced that he would shortly be celebrating his eleventy-first birthday with a party of special magnificence, there was much talk and excitement in Hobbiton. - J.R.R. Tolkien, The Lord of the Rings (1954-1955) Starting With It Some novels start out with such original wording, that you feel compelled to read on, though you remember that first line until you finish the book -- and long thereafter. It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen. - George Orwell, ​1984 (1949) It was a dark and stormy night ... . - Edward George Bulwer-Lytton, Paul Clifford (1830) It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair. - Charles Dickens, ​A Tale of Two Cities (1859) Unusual Settings And, some novelists open their works with brief, but memorable, descriptions of the setting for their stories. The sun shone, having no alternative. -  Samuel Beckett, Murphy (1938), There is a lovely road that runs from Ixopo into the hills. These hills are grass-covered and rolling, and they are lovely beyond any singing of it. - Alan Paton, ​Cry, the Beloved Country (1948) The sky above the port was the color of television, tuned to a dead channel. - ​William Gibson, Neuromancer (1984)

Tattoo Ink Chemistry

Have you ever wondered what ingredients are used to make tattoo ink? The short answer to the question is: You cant be 100% certain. Manufacturers of inks and pigments are not required to reveal the contents. A professional who mixes their own inks  from dry pigments will be most likely to know the composition of the inks. However, the information is proprietary—a trade secret—so you may or may not get answers to questions. Most Not Ink Most tattoo inks technically arent inks. They are composed of pigments that are suspended in a carrier solution. Contrary to popular belief, pigments usually are not vegetable dyes. Todays pigments primarily are metal salts. However, some pigments are plastics and there are probably some vegetable dyes, too. The pigment provides the color of the tattoo. The purpose of the carrier is to disinfect the pigment suspension, keep it evenly mixed, and provide for ease of application.  Ã‚   Toxicity This article is concerned primarily with the composition of the pigment and carrier molecules. However, there are important health risks associated with tattooing, both from the inherent toxicity of some of the substances involved and unhygienic practices. To learn more about the risks associated with a particular tattoo ink, check out the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for any pigment or carrier. The MSDS wont be able to identify all chemical reactions or risks associated with chemical interactions within the ink or the skin, but it will give some basic information about each component of the ink. Pigments and tattoo inks are not regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA.) However, the FDA is examining tattoo inks to determine the chemical composition of the inks, learn how they react and break down in the body, how light and magnetism react with inks, and whether there are short- and long-term health hazards associated with ink formulations or methods of applying the tattoos. Other Issues The oldest pigments used in tattoos came from using ground up minerals and carbon black. Todays pigments include the original mineral pigments, modern industrial organic pigments, a few vegetable-based pigments, and some plastic-based pigments. Allergic reactions, scarring, phototoxic reactions (i.e., a reaction from exposure to light, especially sunlight), and other adverse effects are possible with many pigments. The plastic-based pigments are very intensely colored, but many people have reported reactions to them. There are also pigments that glow in the dark or in response to black (ultraviolet) light. These pigments are notoriously risky. Some may be safe, but others are radioactive or otherwise toxic. Heres a table listing the colors of common pigments used in tattoo inks. It isnt exhaustive.   Pretty much anything that can be used as a pigment has been at some time. Also, many inks mix one or more pigment:   Composition of Tattoo Pigments Color Materials Comment Black Iron Oxide (Fe3O4)Iron Oxide (FeO)CarbonLogwood Natural black pigment is made from magnetite crystals, powdered jet, wustite, bone black, and amorphous carbon from combustion (soot). Black pigment is commonly made into India ink.Logwood is a heartwood extract from Haematoxylon campechisnum, found in Central America and the West Indies. Brown Ochre Ochre is composed of iron (ferric) oxides mixed with clay. Raw ochre is yellowish. When dehydrated through heating, ochre changes to a reddish color. Red Cinnabar (HgS)Cadmium Red (CdSe)Iron Oxide (Fe2O3)Naphthol-AS pigment Iron oxide is also known as common rust. Cinnabar and cadmium pigments are highly toxic. Naphthol reds are synthesized from Naptha. Fewer reactions have been reported with naphthol red than the other pigments, but all reds carry risks of allergic or other reactions. Orange disazodiarylide and/or disazopyrazolonecadmium seleno-sulfide The organics are formed from the condensation of 2 monoazo pigment molecules. They are large molecules with good thermal stability and colorfastness. Flesh Ochres (iron oxides mixed with clay) Yellow Cadmium Yellow (CdS, CdZnS)OchresCurcuma YellowChrome Yellow (PbCrO4, often mixed with PbS)disazodiarylide Curcuma is derived from plants of the ginger family; aka turmeric or curcumin. Reactions are commonly associated with yellow pigments, in part because more pigment is needed to achieve a bright color. Green Chromium Oxide (Cr2O3), called Casalis Green or Anadomis GreenMalachite [Cu2(CO3)(OH)2]Ferrocyanides and FerricyanidesLead chromateMonoazo pigmentCu/Al phthalocyanineCu phthalocyanine The greens often include admixtures, such as potassium ferrocyanide (yellow or red) and ferric ferrocyanide (Prussian Blue) Blue Azure BlueCobalt BlueCu-phthalocyanine Blue pigments from minerals include copper (II) carbonate (azurite), sodium aluminum silicate (lapis lazuli), calcium copper silicate (Egyptian Blue), other cobalt aluminum oxides and chromium oxides. The safest blues and greens are copper salts, such as copper phthalocyanine. Copper phthalocyanine pigments have FDA approval for use in infant furniture and toys and contact lenses. The copper-based pigments are considerably safer or more stable than cobalt or ultramarine pigments. Violet Manganese Violet (manganese ammonium pyrophosphate)Various aluminum saltsQuinacridoneDioxazine/carbazole Some of the purples, especially the bright magentas, are photoreactive and lose their color after prolonged exposure to light. Dioxazine and carbazole result in the most stable purple pigments. White Lead White (Lead Carbonate)Titanium dioxide (TiO2)Barium Sulfate (BaSO4) Zinc Oxide Some white pigments are derived from anatase or rutile. White pigment may be used alone or to dilute the intensity of other pigments. Titanium oxides are one of the least reactive white pigments.

Diagnosis And Classification Of Diabetes - 1794 Words

Diabetes Section 1: Diabetes is the general term referring to various groups of metabolic diseases that are characterised by Polydipsia and Polyuria. When used alone, the term refers to Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Millitus specifically, is identified by hyperglycaemia, resulting from defects in insulin action, insulin secretion, or both (Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, n.d.). Defective insulin action results from impairment of insulin secretion or reduced tissue responses to insulin along the hormonal pathway (Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, n.d.). Impairment of insulin action, affects glucose transportation into the cells and therefore the Mitochondria, the structure of the cell, cannot create enough Adenosine triphosphate for the body (Colbert, B., Ankney, J., Lee, K., 2013). To procreate more fuel, the body breaks down fat tissue and releases fatty acids. These fatty acids are then metabolised into chemicals called ketones, which increase the blood’s acidity and can lead to a state of ketoacidosis, this becomes a medical emergency (Prevention of Diabetes, 2015). Long-term complications of diabetes include amputations, nephropathy leading to renal failure; retinopathy with potential loss of vision; peripheral neuropathy with risk of foot ulcers, and autonomic neuropathy causing genitourinary, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular symptoms and sexual dysfunction (Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, n.d.). TheseShow MoreRelatedDiabetes Is A Rising Epidemic Essay756 Words   |  4 PagesDiabetes is a rising epidemic that is largely due to the increasing rates of obesity, especially in young adults (Oram et al., 2016). Thus, it is becoming more difficult to discern between type 1 and type 2 diabetes in this population, which can lead to inappropriate treatment administration. 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Energy Consumption and Less Sustainability

Question: Discuss about the Energy Consumption and Less Sustainability. Answer: Introduction Tradition gyms were designed to be an indoor activity, with more energy consumption and less sustainability. However, the recent major focus has been on increase sustainability and at the same time reduce the energy consumption. That is, most of the gyms are being designed in such a way that they reduce water and electricity consumption which makes them more sustainable. However, these factors are not only the core which plays the part of sustainability. Thus, natural movement which is carried out as outdoor activities is one of the strategies that can help in building a more sustainable gym, more psychological and physical benefits. Thus, this research will seek to determine whether people accept the idea of strategizing the gym to have outdoor activities. Reviewing academic source Metzgar, (2012) urges that, in the attempt to increase sustainability, commercial gyms and fitness centers have been reconstructed to lower energy consumption as a strategy of increasing sustainability. Some of the adjustments that have been made include, making low-flow toilets, improved and more efficient lighting, and also increasing natural light Metzgar, (2012). However, this is one of many aspects of sustainability, where it should be noted that it encompasses environmental health, economic and human health. Therefore, to hit the nail on the head, these three aspects of sustainability should be applied when analyzing sustainability in gyms and other physical activity facilities. Needless to say, different physical activities impact the health and environment differently. World Health Organization (WHO) has consistently emphasized the need for physical activities at different ages to reduce health risks. On the other hand, WHO does not specify whether the activities should be indoors or outdoors. Both indoor and outdoor activities are affected by different factors such as; facilities accessibility, opportunity to participate, safety, aesthetic attributes and weather Metzgar, (2012). However, individual preference for participation in the outdoor or indoor activities depends on personal perceived benefits that one acquires on the two settings. In this way, Metzgar, (2012) investigates all the three aspects of sustainability which can be adjusted/changed to reduce energy consumption and increase the health benefits. First, this scholar discusses different aspects that necessitate the outdoor exercise. The natural movement activity is considered as the primary factor since it is within the human genome to exercise since they evolved from hunter-gatherers, which entailed different physical activities such as climbing, carrying heavy objects, running walking that was done on a daily basis. These physical activities have reduced since most of the people do not walk for long distances, run, and lifting of objects has been designated to the machines, such as cars, forklifts, cranes among others. Therefore, Metzgar, (2012) compared the tradition fitness center to an open area for natural movement (which was not sited specific but outdoor). Using these set-ups, the three aspects of sustainability were tested. The environmental health; energy consumption was evaluated where it was estimated that there would be a significant difference in energy consumption sine outdoor setup may only require lighting, mo wing and parking. However, it may not show a significant difference in the amount of energy in traveling to the site. Construction material was also considered, where it was estimated a typical gym might be more expensive, than constructing a natural movement area, and natural field or wilderness areas which cost nothing. Considering human health; cognitive benefits associated with outdoor exercise to indoors were highlighted. Outdoor exercise exhibit more dispositional status more effectively. This is due to the fact that people are more satisfied when they see natural landscape Metzgar, (2012). This also acts as a motivation for future participation in a walk or jogging. Also, other research points that unique benefits of outdoor manifests as early within five minutes spent exercising outdoor. A survey indicates that children suffering from Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) when they spent time in a green field the symptoms decreases. Exercise adherence is another factor that is given as a long-term benefit of outdoor activities. Foot Musculature and Vitamin D Levels and Sunlight Exposure are other benefits that people get from exercising outdoors. These are some of the human health benefits as a result of exercising outdoors. A Bivariate simple analysis of the customer survey data and Hypothesis test In this case, the study will determine whether those that do their regular exercise in the gym and those that do their exercise outside the gym have a significant different BMI. Exercising outside the gym is expected to have more effect and thus increasing the BMI (Healthyeating.sfgate.com. 2017). Therefore, the study will assess, the difference between the two groups. The hypothesis is H0: there is no difference in BMI people that exercises outdoors and indoors. Versus H1: there is a difference in BMI people that exercises outdoors and indoors. A t-test was performed, and the results are as follows. The results suggest that the null hypothesis should not be rejected. This means that there is no difference in BMI people that exercises outdoors and indoors. This implies that both groups that exercised indoors and outdoors have on average equal BMI. Therefore, we are 95% confident that the BMI of those do their exercises outdoor and those that do theirs indoors is not significantly different. This is because the p-value .7486 is greater than the = .05. Section 4. Managerial Advice Despite the literature pointing that exercising outdoors has a significant effect on the health. This is not supported by the data in this study. Therefore, the manager should understand that exercising outdoors does is not significantly different effective than exercising indoors. When advertising, the manager cannot claim that the outdoor exercise is more effective in increasing the BMI. Nonetheless, the manager can outline other benefits associated with exercising outdoors, such as economic benefits, and environmental health. The research shows that the results do not support that exercising outdoor is more beneficial in gaining the BMI or those that do their exercises outdoor has a different BMI to those that exercise indoors. Despite this result, the researcher needs to assess iteration of other variables that might be associated with the exercising and BMI such as the number of times a person exercises in a week, and time spent exercising. This will give a clear picture of the nature of the association or the difference between the two groups. However, a new strategy should be adopted to enjoy other benefits of outdoor activities, which should be to create or set up gyms in an outdoor setup. Section 5. Analyze the survey data related to the proposed change in Section 4 A survey was conducted to determine whether people agree with the new strategy of adapting outdoor gym activities. The results show that 44 out of 100 samples used agreed to this strategy. Therefore, there was a need to determine whether this proportion of people are significantly different to 0.5. The results show that the proportion of those that agree with the new strategy is not statistically significantly different to 0.5. This means that there is no difference between those that agree and those that disagree with the implementation of the new strategy of an outdoor gym. Therefore, the manager should not consider implementing the new strategy since the proportion of those agree is equal to the proportion of those that do not agree. Conclusion The analysis shows that there is no adequate evidence that supports the claim that those that practice outdoor gym have a higher BMI. This means that there is no difference in BMI of people exercising indoors or outdoors. Therefore, there is no difference in the BMI of people that exercise on either site. Also, the test of the proportion of those that supports and those that do not support the new changes of exercising outdoors. This implies that although the decision to change from indoor to outdoor activities my increase sustainability, most of the people do not agree with the idea. Thus, it may not be advisable to implement this strategy since most people do not agree with this idea. The research points out that there might be other factors that may contribute to the BMI increase other than exercising. Therefore, given a chance in the future other iteration of different factors that might give a significant result. These factors include; the number of times person exercises, the number of hours spent exercising, among others. References Healthyeating.sfgate.com. (2017). How to Increase BMI. [online] Available at: https://healthyeating.sfgate.com/increase-bmi-7351.html [Accessed 23 Jan. 2017]. Metzgar, M. 2012, "Sustainability of natural movement activity," Sustainability: Science, Practice, Policy, vol. 8, no. 2.